浅谈奇幻文学的范式特征——以《魔戒》和托尔金的创作观为例

On the Paradigmatic Characteristics of Fantasy Literature ——Case Study of Tolkien's Concept in Creating The Lord of the Rings

奇幻文学业已在国内外读者群和学术界取得可观的声望,但该范畴作品的驳杂繁多反而使其范式特征晦暗不明。而追本溯源,考量奇幻文学的典范之作《魔戒》以及作者J.R.R.托尔金本人的文学思想后可以发现,奇幻文学的本质是玄奇而富含内在真实一致性的幻想,功能是给人们提供心理恢复、逃避痛苦和精神慰藉,而典型特征是兼具灾难和欢乐的善灾式结尾。

Fantasy literature has gained its fame both in waders and in academic field. But its characteristics haven＇t been clarified. As the cornerstone of fantasy literature, J.R.R.Tolkien＇s The Lord of the Rings provides us a paradigm of such type of works： characterized by eucatastrophic ending, having as its essence the fantasy rich in inner consistency of reality, and functioning to offer people recovery and consolation.