大粒裸燕麦(莜麦)(Avena nuda L.)起源及分类问题的探讨

Discussion on the Origin and Taxonomy of Naked Oat(Avena nuda L.)

燕麦属(Avena L.)植物中有5个栽培种即普通栽培燕麦(A.sativa L.)、埃塞俄比亚燕麦(A.abyssinica Hochst.)、地中海燕麦(A.byzantina Koch)、砂燕麦(A.strigosa Schreb.)和大粒裸燕麦又称莜麦(A.nuda L.),其中大粒裸燕麦的子粒不带稃皮为裸燕麦,其他物种均带稃皮为皮燕麦。国际上主要种植皮燕麦,而我国主要种植大粒裸燕麦,由此不难看出,大粒裸燕麦在世界燕麦中占有特殊的地位。然而,关于大粒裸燕麦的起源和分类地位问题,迄今学者们的意见仍不尽相同。本文通过参阅有关文献和研究实践,对这两个问题进行探讨,认为大粒裸燕麦起源于我国山西和内蒙古一带,在植物学分类上应为一个独立的物种即A.nuda L.。

There are five cultivated species in the genus Avena L. They are common oat（A, sativa L. ） , Ethiopian （Abyssinian） oat （A. abyssinica Hochst. ） , Byzant （ Red ） oat （ A. byzantina Koch. ） , Hispid （Small） oat （ A. strigosa Schreb. ） , and naked oat（A, nuda L. ）. Naked oat is characterized by its hulless seeds, while other oats by their hulled seeds. Naked oat is mainly planted in China and hulled oats are grown in other countries. Therefore, naked oat is important among oats in the world. However, the viewpoints on the origin and taxonomy of naked oat were disputable. The authors believe that the origin of naked oat would be the adjacent region of Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, and the taxonomic status of naked oat would be an independent species,i, e. ,A. nuda L.