基于表型性状和SSR分子标记的云南省水稻主要育成品种(系)的遗传相似性分析

Genetic Similarity Based on SSR Markers and Phenotypies Traits of Major Improved Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Varieties in Yunnan Province

利用株高等17个表型性状和48个SSR标记,对云南省18个育种部门(或课题组)自20世纪60年代以来选育的40个品种(系)进行遗传相似性分析。结果显示,基于17个表型性状,40个品种(系)间的遗传相似性系数值平均为0.244,籼型品种间为0.289,粳型为0.309,籼粳亚种间为0.162;基于48个SSR分子标记,40个品种(系)间的遗传相似性系数值平均为0.383,籼型为0.318,粳型为0.478,籼粳亚种间为0.267;表明表型遗传相似性低于DNA水平。48个SSR分子标记共检测到214个等位基因(Na),每个标记平均为4.458个,变幅为2～8个;有效等位基因数(Ne)平均值为2.8336,变幅为1.1515～5.2981;多态性信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.6058,变幅为0.2118～0.8816;基因型多样性指数(H′)平均值为1.1328,变幅为0.3768～1.8087;其中RM84、RM249、RM152、RM222和RM528是评价云南省水稻选育品种(系)遗传相似性比较理想的SSR标记。聚类分析显示,云南省水稻主要选育品种(系)表现为亚种间遗传差异明显,亚种内遗传差异较小,粳型品种间遗传相似性高于籼型,表明云南省选育的粳型品种(系)遗传多样性低,尤其是同一育种部门(或课题组)选育的品种间遗传相似度较高。

The aim is to explore the genetic similarity（GS） of major improved rice（ Oryza Sativa L. ）varieties in Yunnan province. The phenotypes of 17 agronomic traits and 48 SSR markers were applied to evaluate the GS among the 40 major improved rice varieties bred by 18 different breeding groups in Yunnan province since 1960s. The average GS coefficients were 0. 244 of the total 40 varieties,0. 289 of the indica ones ,0. 309 of the Japonica ones and 0. 162 of between indica ones and Japonica ones,respectively on the basis of 17 agronomic traits while the average GS coefficients were 0. 383,0. 318,0. 478 and 0. 267 correspondingly on the basis of 48 SSR markers. The GS at agronomic level was lower than that at DNA level. In total ,214 number of alleles（Na）were detected, and the mean Na was 4. 458 ranging from 2 to 8. The average number of the effective alleles （Ne） was 2. 8336 ranging from 1. 1515 to 5. 2981. The average of polymorphic information contents（PIC）was 0. 6058 varying from 0. 2118 to 0. 8816. The average genotype diversity index（H＇）was 1. 1328 varying from 0. 3768 to 1. 8087. The markers inclu-ding RM84,RM249,RM152,RM222 and RM528 were found to be more suitable to evaluate improved rice varieties in Yunnan province in genetic similarity. Clustering analysis based on GS coefficients showed that all the varieties could be grouped into two obviously different clusters corresponding to the two subspecies,indica and japonica. The results also indicated that genetic difference of among the indica rice varieties was higher than that of among the ja- ponica ones. It was discovered that the genetic diversity of improved japonica rice varieties was lower compared with the indica ones and genetic diversity of varieties bred by one breeding group was lower than that by different groups.