分子标记在啤酒花种质资源研究中的应用

Molecular Markers and Their Applications in Hop Germplasm

利用分子生物学中常用的DNA分子标记对世界各地现存的野生和栽培的啤酒花种质资源遗传多样性研究的应用作一综述。通过归纳总结,发现DNA分子标记相比形态学标记和细胞学标记具有结果准确、稳定的特点,常用的分子标记技术有RAPD、RFLP、ISSR、SSR、AFLP、EST等;研究发现北美洲的啤酒花遗传多样性要高于欧洲的啤酒花,基因变异程度也相对较高;野生啤酒花的基因序列具有丰富的基因多样性,可在分子杂交遗传育种中作为一个种质去改善栽培品种的某些不良性状。因此,利用分子标记研究啤酒花的遗传多样性将对啤酒花的育种提供理论指导和技术支持,目前较为理想的技术是SSR和AFLP。

This review summarized the progresses on the use of DNA markers of in studying genetic diversity of existing wild and cuhivared hop germplasm. The results of DNA molecular marker technology are accurate and stable compared to morphological markers and cytological markers. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA （RAPD） , Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism （RFLP） , Inter-simple Sequence Repeat （ISSR） , Simple Sequence Re- peat （SSR）, and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） are commonly used molecular markers. Genetic diversity was often higher in hops from North America than those from Europe. The same regular was also found in the degree of genetic variation. Meanwhile, the wild hops＇ gene order has a rich gene diversity, may take an idioplasm in the molecular heredity hybridization breeding to improve the cultivated varieties＇ some certain bad characters. The widely used molecular markers in plant genetic diversity research solved a number of difficult issues that traditional method cannot deal with. The use of molecular markers in genetic diversity of hops will be an excellent tool to provide theoretical guidance and technological support for the breeding of hops. The ideal molecular markers are SSR and AFLP presently.