电力系统扩展黑启动方案的研究

Extended Black-start Schemes of Power Systems

电力系统全停电后的黑启动恢复问题是系统安全防御的重要课题,科学合理的黑启动方案对于实现系统全停后的快速恢复具有重要意义。鉴于目前有些系统的黑启动电源有较大容量及较好的运行调节性能,提出一个黑启动电源同时启动多个被启动电厂的扩展黑启动策略。以黑启动形成的系统在一个时间段内机组发电量的加权和最大为优化目标,综合考虑被启动机组的启动约束及系统的运行约束,建立扩展黑启动方案优化模型,并将此优化问题转化为一个二维背包问题,结合最短路径法与回溯算法对扩展黑启动方案进行优化。最后,以新英格兰10机39节点系统和河北南网实际系统为算例验证所提方法的有效性。

Restoration of a power system after a major blackout is a very important issue to the security defense of power systems. Reasonable black-start schemes are required to restore the power system as soon as possible. In view of the fact that some current black-start power sources usually have large capacity and good operating performance, a novel extended black-start strategy was proposed to restore the power system in a more rapid way, in which a single black-start source is used to start more than one power plant simultaneously. The mathematic model of the extended black-start strategy was presented, where the restoration target is to maximize the total weighted power generation output （MW.h） over a restoration period with the generator＇s start-up and power system＇s operating constraints being satisfied. Then, the problem was changed into a two-dimensional knapsack problem, and the algorithm of classic Dijkstra and backtracking was adopted to determine the best extended black-start scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by the optimization results on the New England 10-unit 39-bus power system and the southern power system of Hebei province.