全球金融危机与贵州矿业产业的发展——以铝及铝加工业为例

The Influence of the World Financial Crisis on the Development of Mining in Guizhou Province,China——Taking the Aluminum Industry of Guizhou as an Example

全球金融危机是经济发展周期的重要拐点,对全球和我国不同产业的发展会产生不同的影响。贵州总体上具有资源型经济结构,其中矿业产业占有重要的地位和作用。由于全球金融危机影响,矿业的生存空间被严重压缩,贵州虽然地处内地,仍然难以幸免。但不同类型的资源产业所受到的影响差异很大,其中,内向型为主的煤炭产业所受影响小,而外向型为主的磷及磷化工产业和铝及铝加工产业所受影响明显。通过深入分析全球金融危机前后贵州铝及铝加工产业的发展状况不难看到,金融危机在带来矿产品价格下降、矿产企业利润大幅度下降等不利影响的同时,也为解决资源浪费严重和后备资源保障程度下降、矿山整合与铝土矿资源集中提供了有利时机,还使得贵州铝工业发展相对滞后和产品附加值不够高的现状有望改善,促使政府和企业朝着生态矿业和节能减排的方向发展。为了尽快摆脱金融危机的负面影响,抓住有利因素迅速壮大贵州的矿业产业,一方面应大力支持与鼓励地勘单位、矿山企业、重点氧化铝、电解铝企业和铝加工等后续企业大跨度整合,使资源的勘探、采掘、加工与利用等构成有机的整体,发展生态矿业;另一方面应积极盘活贵州地勘队伍多年来积累形成的矿产信息资源等无形资产,同时创造条件,支持与鼓励我省地勘队伍走出国门,到其它省区和国外寻找新的矿产地和获取矿权。另外,还须通过完善矿权管理,进一步整顿矿业秩序,加大环境保护与污染治理力度等措施,为矿业企业的健康发展创造良好规范的市场环境。

The world financial crisis, which originated from the secondary loan crisis, has inevitably affected the in- dustry. The development of mining industry was also affected by the world financial crisis. The mining industry plays an important role in the development of Guizhou. The World Financial Crisis has different influences on the develop- ment of mining in Guizhou. The coal industry, which was internal-oriented industry, was rarely affected by the world financial crisis. The foreign-oriented phosphorus and phosphorus chemical industry and aluminum industry were af- fected obviously. By studying the influence of the world financial crisis on the development of aluminum industry of Guizhou, it is clear that there is important significance for the development of the mining industry in Guizhou.