某医院传染科老年肺结核患者孤独感的原因分析

The Causes of Loneliness in Elderly Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Environmental Stress of Infectious Diseases Ward

[目的]分析老年肺结核患者在传染科病房特定环境下所产生的压力因素,进一步探讨导致状态孤独感心理体验的原因,并提出对策。[方法]采用质性研究的方法对37名老年肺结核患者进行深入访谈、现场记录,并进行资料整理,提炼主题。[结果]传染科老年肺结核患者产生状态孤独感的环境压力因素来自三方面。(1)自然环境压力:有个人空间的改变、物理居住环境的改变、方位空间的隔离;(2)社会环境压力:有社会支持不足、经济条件不富裕、家属对疾病认知偏差;(3)个体因素压力:有特定的人格特点和行为方式、患者对疾病认知程度。[结论]护理人员应正确认识老年肺结核患者在特定环境所产生的压力而导致的孤独感心理,为患者提供有效的应对援助。提供舒适的物理环境、适宜的个人空间、正确对待空间隔离,提高社会支持及利用度、指导应用正确的减压策略。

To identify the stress factors in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients in specific circumstances of infectious diseases ward, to further explore the causes of psychological experience of loneliness and to propose relative solutions. [ Methods ] Using qualitative research methods, 37 eases of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients were interviewed with field recording and followed by data consolidation. [ Results ] Infectious diseases ward elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients undertake environmental stressors were identified from 1） natural stressors： personal space changes and living environment space isolation; 2）soeio-environmental stressors： lack of social support, poor economic conditions and, cognitive biases for their illness from family members; 3） individual factors： specific personality/behavior andpersonal cognition of disease. [ Conclusion ] The loneliness of elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients under specific environmental stressors should be fully understood by nursing personnel. Personnel and effectivesupport should be offered for them. Comfort physical environment, appropriate personal space, comprehension of spatial isolation will be very helpful and enough social support and correct decompression strategy are needed.