近代东北地区雇工经营农场的再探讨

The Further Study on the Labor-hiring Farming in Modem Northeast China

东北地区的雇工经营主要存在于该地新垦区的农场中。新垦区的农场经营规模一般较大。出于节约雇工成本的需要,农场主倾向于将所雇佣的劳动力粗放地投入到农业生产之中。由于劳动力等生产要素的粗放型投入,近代东北大多数雇工经营农场为了提高劳动生产率并实现农场收益的最大化,不得不低效率地利用土地资源和牺牲土壤肥力。随着人地关系的日益紧张和地力消耗的不断加剧,这种经营方式因遭受生态压力而萎缩,逐渐让位于以家庭劳动力为主的小农经营模式。

The labor-hiring farming was mainly adopted in the newly reclaimed farmlands of modern Northeast China.Owing to the extensive application of production factors such as labor force,most of the labor-hiring farming in modern Northeast China could do nothing but use land resource inefficiently and decrease soil fertility to raise labor productivity and realize maximization of farming benefit.