母职的想象：城市女性的产前检查、身体经验与主体性

The Image of Motherhood: Prenatal Examination,Body Experience,and Subjectivity of Urban Women

现代医疗技术的变迁深刻地影响了城市女性的母职体验。在健康的重要性成为现代社会主要特点的情境之下,产前检查已经成为一项孕妇必须承担的健康新伦理,并形塑了孕妇独有的母职经验。本文基于作者在一座中等城市的妇幼保健院历时半年多的民族志观察所获资料和以阿霞的身体经验为个案的深度剖析,揭示了在健康话语占主导地位的医疗化社会中,城市女性是如何在产检过程中体验母职的。文章指出,医疗技术的干预使孕妇自身的身体经验被不断贬低,并屈从于医学话语的建构,而不是由女性自己言说,怀孕的身体亦被医学凝视所客体化并失去其自身的主体性,母职的体验也因此变成了一种经由现代医学健康方案所主导的想象。

The changes of modern medical technology have greatly affected the motherhood experiences of urban women. In the context where health is important enough to be a major characteristic of modern society, pregnant women must practice the new ethics to go through prenatal examinations, which has reshaped their unique motherhood experiences. Through half a year＇s ethnographic observation in the Maternal and Child Care Service Centre in a middle-sized city and an in-depth case analysis of an interviewee＇s bodily experiences, this article reveals how urban women experience their motherhood during the course of prenatal examinations in a medicalized society that is dominated by health discourses. The paper points out that the intervention of medical technology has debased the body experience of pregnant women in that their body experience is now subject to medical discourses but not constructed through the women＇s own narratives. Finally, the pregnant body is objectified as the target of medicine, making the subject of the pregnant body forgotten;thus, the experience of motherhood becomes an image under the influence of the health plans of modern medicine.