斯坦利·费希读者阐释理论的实用主义特征辨析

An Analysis of Reader-Response Pragmatism of Stanley Fish

斯坦利·费希读者阐释理论话语中的三个关键概念阐释、阐释共同体和阐释策略有着实用主义内涵。阐释是文本产生的效果或读者经验,富于价值、需求、判断等人性特征,这体现了实用主义者重经验和效果的立场;建立作为一种公认的、受约束的主观性的阐释共同体反映了实用主义的协同性原则;对变动不居的阐释策略的强调则与实用主义反本质主义和实在论的立场一致。由此,费希的读者阐释理论与实用主义哲学之间具有一定的关联,存在着一致性。在某种意义上,费希也可称为实用主义文学批评家。

As three critical concepts in Stanley Fish＇ s reader-response theory, interpretation, interpretive community and in- terpretive strategy are pragmatically implied. Interpretation, with its emphasis on readers＇ textual experience and thus on indi- vidual interests or judgements, echoes the pragmatist＇ s preference for experience. Interpretive community is, roughly speak- ing, tantamount to what pragmatists name as lingusite community or cultural community, which sets certain limits to the ran- dom action of reading or interpreting. Interpretive strategy is not taken once and for all by a reader; instead, it is always chan- ging, which reflects the pragmatic claim of anti-foundationism. In view of this, Stanley Fish may earn the title of a pragmatic literary critic.