国际贸易、技术溢出和利益分配失衡

International Trade, Technological Spillovers and Unbalanced Distribution of Benefits

本文从价值生产角度出发,构建了国际贸易利益失衡分配框架下的技术溢出理论模型,利用我国与主要贸易伙伴1990～2009年的数据,实证分析检验国外技术溢出与国际贸易利益失衡分配的变动关系。实证研究发现:国内研发支出能够减小我国同主要贸易伙伴单位美元包含的劳动时间差距,改善我国同主要贸易伙伴间贸易利益分配失衡状态,而且改善程度大于通过进口方式吸收国外技术溢出获得的技术进步;通过进口方式获得的国外有效技术溢出也可以缩小我国与主要贸易伙伴之间的劳动时间差距,然而其系数不显著;通过出口方式获得的国外有效技术溢出值使得我国与贸易伙伴之间的劳动时间差距反而增大。加入人力资本后,这3个变量系数符号没有发生变化,但是这3个变量的系数都变小。脉冲响应函数的结果也佐证了上述结论。

From the perspective of the value of production, This article constructs the model of technology spillover under the frame of the unbalanced distribution of benefits in international trade , and makes use of the data between our country and our major trading partners for the years 1990 ~2009, in order to empirical analysis and test the relationship of foreign technology spillovers and unbalanced distribution of benefits of international trade. The study finds that, domestic R&D expenditure can reduce the time gap of the unit U. S. dollar between China and its major trading partners , and improves the unbalanced distribution of benefits, which is more improvement than the technological progress by absorbing technology spillovers from imports. The technology spillovers from the import can also reduce the working time gap between our country and the major trading partners, but its coefficient was not significant. The effective technology spillovers from the export increases the working time gap. With human capital, the coefficients of these three variables did not change sign, but the coefficients of these three variables are smaller. The impulse response function results also support this conclusion.