中外突发公共危机应急处置比较研究——以山西王家岭矿难和英国石油公司墨西哥湾漏油事件为例

The Comparative Study in Handling Emergent Public Crises in China and Other Countries——Taking the Mining Accident of Wangjialing Coalmine in Shanxi Province and the Oil Leak Crisis of British Petroleum Company in the Gulf of Mexico as Examples

公共危机管理体系是政府公共组织系统的核心部分。对于一个社会和政府而言,面对各种危机,最重要战略选择应该是建立一套比较完善的公共危机管理和应急机制,并在此基础上不断增强政府以及整个社会的危机管理和应急处理能力。本文以山西王家岭矿难和英国石油公司墨西哥湾漏油事件为例,通过对两个案例的对比分析,从公共危机管理中的建立应急处置措施的角度出发,寻找两国公共危机管理的差距及原因,并从建立具有快速反应能力的应急预警机制、建立统一指挥的应急指挥平台、组建专业的应急处理队伍、开展权威的应急调查和评估等方面,为政府提升公共危机管理和应对能力提出建议。

The public crisis management system is the hard core of the government public organization system.For a society and a government facing crisis,the most important strategic choice should be establishing a set of excellent public crisis management and emergency mechanism so as to unceasingly enhancing the crisis management and the ability of emergency management of the government as well as the entire society.This article takes the mining accident crisis of Wangjialing coalmine in Shanxi Province and the oil leak crisis of British Petroleum Company in the Gulf of Mexico as examples.Through the contrastive analysis of these two cases and based on establishing emergency handling measure of public crisis management it is aimed to discover the differences and reasons between crisis managements of both countries in order to put forward the proposals in promoting the public crisis management ability for the government from four aspects,including establishing emergency early warning mechanism with quick reaction capability,emergency direction platform under unified command,specialized emergency processing troop and conducting authority emergency investigation and assessment.