论古希腊悲剧的理性观及其现代意义

On the Rationality of Old Greence's Tragedies and Its Modern Meaning

古希腊悲剧平衡的是人与神之间的关系,当悲剧冲突与和解的一方———神,或者说超越于人的理性之上的力量消失之后,作为宇宙的外部世界丧失了与神的关联,就变成无生命的纯粹质料世界,这样的世界根本无法构成对人的理性的平衡与挑战。因为它一方面与同样作为工具的人具有"物化"的同质性,而另一方面两者之间冲突的结果,在现实中必然演化为人依靠理性对世界的彻底征服,以致最后人性自身毁灭。西方现代悲剧的主要根源在于市场经济与消费关系创造的丰厚实利收买了现代人,使现代人心甘情愿地把作为人类理性之一部分的工具理性泛化为人类理性本身,成为现代社会衡量一切的终极标准。

What the old Green＇s tragedies balance is the relation between human and god.When one party of the two conflicting ones,god,or the power surpassing human rationality disappear,the outer world as the universe loses its connection with god and becomes pure non-living material world which cannot becomes the balance or challenge for human rationality.Because on the one hand it has material quality similar to human being,on the other hand the result of the two conflicting parties will evolve into people＇s complete conquest of the world by means of rationality which eventually leads to human＇s self-destruction.The main root of western modern tragedy lies in the fact that the rich interest caused by market economy and consuming relation bribes modern people and makes human willing to transform his tool rationality into human rationality which becomes modern society＇s ultimate standard to measure everything.