不同灌溉方式对渭北果园土壤水分及水分利用的影响

Effects of different irrigation patterns on soil water and WUE in Weibei apple orchard

为了筛选适合渭北黄土高原苹果园的节水灌溉方式,以陕富6号苹果为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式下0-1 m土壤含水率的动态变化规律、土壤储水量和水分利用效率。结果表明：（1）3-10月份,不同层次土壤含水率由高到低为：膜下滴灌〉膜下沟溉≈滴灌〉沟灌〉不灌溉,覆膜与不覆膜之间比较,膜下沟灌〉沟灌,膜下滴灌〉滴灌。（2）6月15日灌溉后,随着时间推移,各层次土壤含水率呈降低的变化趋势,土层越深土壤含水率波动越小;膜下滴灌和膜下沟灌的土壤含水率的波动低于滴灌和沟灌。（3）膜下滴灌区土壤的储水量大于滴灌,膜下沟灌的储水量大于沟灌。（4）从产量和水分利用效率来看,膜下滴灌最高,膜下沟灌高于沟灌。总之,覆膜能提高土壤含水率和水分利用效率,膜下滴灌在节水的条件下,还保持了最高的土壤含水率和土壤储水量,适合在渭北黄土高原果园节水灌溉中应用。

In order to choose a water-saving and water conservation pattern suitable for Weibei apple orchard,the trees of Shannxi Fuji 6 were used as research materials to study the effects of different types of irrigation on soil water dynamic and soil water storage within 0-1 m soil layer.The results showed that：（1） As for soil water content,drip irrigation under mulch was the highest among 5 treatments,then irrigation under mulch and drip irrigation,the furrow irrigation third,while they were all higher then no-irrigation.（2） After an irrigation on June 15,the soil water content decreased with the increase of days after irrigation,while the fluctuation got smaller in deeper soil layer;the fluctuation of soil water in drip irrigation under mulch and furrow irrigation under mulch was smaller then that in drip irrigation and furrow irrigation.（3） The water content in drip irrigation under mulch was higher than in drip irrigation,while that in furrow irrigation under mulch was higher than in furrow irrigation.（4） The apple yield and WUE in drip irrigation under mulch were higher than in other methods of irrigation.The apple yield and WUE in drip irrigation under mulch were higher than in drip irrigation,and those in furrow irrigation under mulch were higher than in furrow irrigation.In a ward,irrigation under mulch could improve soil water content and WUE,and drip irrigation under mulch was a suitable water-saving and water conservation pattern for Weibei apple orchard,which could not only save water,but also maintain higher soil water content.