刺萼龙葵对入侵地土壤可培养真菌多样性影响

Effect of Solanum rostratum Invasion on Soil Culturable Fungal Diversity

为了研究刺萼龙葵入侵的微生物学机制,分别在2008年至2009年7月、8月在刺萼龙葵入侵严重的朝阳地区选择3个样区,即入侵区(Ⅰ)、耕作区(Ⅱ)及土著区(Ⅲ)进行选择性取土及抽样调查,对采集的75份土样经分离、纯化、鉴定的真菌分属30个属,通过对刺萼龙葵入侵区(Ⅰ)土壤真菌的培养,共分离鉴定出了约40种真菌,且分属21个属;其中在刺萼龙葵入侵区(Ⅰ)土壤真菌的各种类群中,以青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、毛霉属(Mucor)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium)、枝顶孢属(Acremonium)种类较多,为优势类群,其分离频率分别为18.13%、15.20%、8.77%、8.77%、7.60%、5.85%、5.26%。而附球菌属(Epicoccum)、接霉属(Zygorhynchus)、节丛孢属(Arthrobotrys)、弯孢属(Cunularia)菌株数仅为1,为该区稀有类群;通过对入侵区(Ⅰ)、耕作区(Ⅱ)及土著区(Ⅲ)土壤真菌数量比较发现,入侵区(Ⅰ)土壤真菌数量是耕作区(Ⅱ)的1.6倍,而入侵区(Ⅰ)与土著区(Ⅲ)的土壤真菌数量相差不大,比例接近1;根据Jaccard相似性指数原理,入侵区(Ⅰ)、耕作区(Ⅱ)和土著区(Ⅲ)的土壤真菌群落相似性处在中等相似的水平,其土壤真菌群落相似性差异性并不显著。结果表明刺萼龙葵入侵并没有使土壤可培养真菌多样性产生明显的变化。

In order to study the microbiological mechanism in the invasion processes of Solanum rostratum,soil fungal diversity and quantity were analyzed in the Solanum rostratum invaded area（Ⅰ）,farming area（Ⅱ） and indigenous area（Ⅲ） in Liaoning province from July to August in 2008 and 2009,respectively.From 75 soil samples,fungal species were obtained and identified which belonging to 30 genera.A total of 40.species were obtained and identified which including 21 genera in invaded area（Ⅰ）,among which Penicillium,Aspergillus,Mucor,Rhizopus,Trichoderma,Fusarium and Acremonium were the dominant group of Solanum rostratum invasion area（Ⅰ）.Isolation frequency were 18.13%,15.20%,8.77%,8.77%,7.60%,5.85% and 5.26%,respectively in invaded area.Epicoccum,Zygorhynchus,Arthrobotrys and Cunularia were rare Species in invaded area（Ⅰ）.Soil fungal quantity was 1.6 times in the invaded area（Ⅰ） compared to the farming area（Ⅱ）,and was pretty much the same with that of indigenous area（Ⅲ）.According to Jaccard index of similarity theory,soil fungal community similarity among invaded area（Ⅰ）,farming area（Ⅱ） and indigenous area（Ⅲ） was at the medium level and the soil fungal diversity had not significant difference between invaded area and other areas.Soil culturable fungal diversity had no significant variation after Solanum rostratum invasion.