陶瓷基复合材料中氮化硼界面相研究进展

Advances in Boron Nitride Interphases in Ceramic Matrix Composites

界面相对陶瓷基复合材料的力学性能有极其重要的作用,其主要作用包括载荷传递、力学熔断、缓解残余应力和保护增强纤维,在此基础上提出了界面相的设计原则。氮化硼具有类似热解炭的层状晶体结构和优于热解炭的抗氧化性能,此外还具有优异的耐高温和化学惰性,氧化产物(B2O3)具有裂纹弥合作用,因此发展成为重要的耐高温陶瓷基复合材料的界面相材料。阐述了氮化硼界面相的结构和功能特点,介绍了氮化硼界面相在SiCf/SiC、Cf/SiC、金属基复合材料、玻璃陶瓷基复合材料中的研究现状,总结了界面相的组成、结构和厚度等因素与材料性能的关系规律。综述了氮化硼界面相制备方法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。最后指出,构建完善的氮化硼界面相对材料性能影响的物理模型,将是氮化硼界面相在今后的发展方向,获得特定结构的氮化硼界面相涂层是今后研究的难点和重点。

Interphase plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties of ceramic matrix corn posites（CMCs）. The roles of the interphase in CMCs include loading transfer, mechanical fuse, residue stress relaxation, fiber protection. The principle for the design of interphases has been proposed based upon the role of interphases. Boron nitride（BN） has similar laminar crystal structure to pyrolytic carbon but better oxidative resistance. In addition, BN also has excellent thermal resistance and chemical inertness. Moreover, the oxidative product（B2O3 ） can heal up micro cracks. Hence, BN has been developed as an important interphase for CIVICs. The characteristics of the structure and function of BN interphase have been introduced. The study of BN interphase in SiCf/SiC, Cf/SiC, metal matrix composites, glass-ceramics matrix composites has been viewed. The relationship between the composition, structure and thickness of the interphase and the properties of the composites has been discussed. The methods for the preparation of BN interphase have been summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods have been analyzed. Construction the perfect mode for the relationship between the characteristics of interphase and the properties of composites will be the trend for the development of the study of BN interphase. The methods to obtain BN interphase with required composition and structure will be the focus for the study of BN interphase.