汉语中语用缓和策略的实证研究

An Empirical Study on Chinese Pragmatic Mitigating Strategies

文章以自发性开放式话语补全测试收集到的语料为基础,探讨了汉语中语用缓和策略的使用情况。通过比对不同类型的语用缓和策略,文章着力分析了汉语中语用缓和策略的具体实现形式所表现出的语用格局特征,并就语用缓和策略同言语行为的共现匹配性特点解释了语用缓和策略的语用理据所在。结果发现:第一,不同语用缓和策略实现形式之间并不享有等同的使用几率,但却表现出以指事型为主,行事型和成事型为辅的宏观格局。第二,不同类型的语用缓和策略表现出各异的言语行为匹配倾向性,这一方面交代了语用缓和策略多样性的理据所在,同时也揭示了不同语用缓和策略在语用化进程中的程度差异。

This paper studies one commonly used pragmatic strategy： mitigating strategies （MSs for short） or mitigators in Chi- nese on the basis of data elicited from spontaneous open Discourse Completion Test. By comparing different types of MSs, it focuses on the specific pragmatic patterns and their relevant features behind Chinese MSs and tries to illustrate the pragmatic motiva- tion of mitigating devices with the co - occurrence pattern between MSs and speech acts. The ensuing two findings have been ten- tatively arrived at. First, not every mitigating strategy shares the same rate of occurrence, with a general dominance of locutionary MSs, followed by illocutionary and perlocutionary MSs. Secondly, the matching tendency of different MSs and speech acts varies greatly, which accordingly accounts for MSs＇ diversified motivations as well as levels of pragmaticalization process.