通过农业用水权转让 缓解我国水资源短缺

Relieving the China′s Water Shortage through the Irrigation Water Trade

由于水资源的时空分布不均,水资源分布与经济布局不匹配,我国水资源短缺问题非常突出。随着经济社会的快速发展,并受全球气候变化的影响,未来我国水资源短缺的形势将更加严峻。农业部门是我国的用水大户,农业用水占总用水量的62%左右。在确保粮食安全的条件下,探索农业用水权的获得与转让,通过市场和价格机制优化水资源配置,缓解我国水资源短缺问题具有重要意义。通过比对发达国家过去几十年的水权交易情况,分析了我国农业节水的潜力;通过阐明科斯的产权经济理论和国际温室气体CDM碳交易模式分析我国农业用水权转让的可行性依据。对水权转让面临的问题提出了初步建议,以期为开展农业用水权转让提供依据。

In China, water shortage is a very outstanding issue due to the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and the disparity between water distribution and economic layout. With the rapid development of society and the challenges of climate change, China will face a more severe water crisis. Agricultural sector are the major water users, using about 62% of the total water consumption. To ensure the food security in advance, the exploration of acquisition and transfer of agricultural water rights will be of great significance to alleviate the shortage of water resources especially through market and pricing mechanisms, Which will optimize water resources allocation. Based on a reference of water rights trading in developed countries over the past few decades, this paper first makes an analysis on the potential of agricultural water conservation. By clarifying the Coase Theorem and CDM carbon trading scheme, the paper then explores the feasibility of Agricultural water rights transfer in China. Finally, some suggestions are proposed to deal with the possible issues with water rights transfer to provide basis or at least reference for agricultural water rights transfer.