自然:西方文化之源——博弈论的视野

A study of nature being the origin of the western cultures from the perspective of game theory

梁漱溟曾论及人的三大关系:人与自然的关系,人际关系,以及人己关系。相应于这三大关系就有三大博弈。在原初时分以三大博弈中的何者为主,在相当程度上"锁定"了一个文化的走向。希腊———西方文化的源头,即以人与自然的博弈为主。与自然界博弈的特点是重复、策略有限,以及演进,正是这样的博弈方式塑造了西方文化。西方文化沿着由简到繁的路径,由自然界而人际关系而人类自身,由实验室而工厂而人类社会,一路走来,成果斐然;同时也给自然界、人类社会,以及西方人自己带来严重后果,难以前行。西方文化必将以及正在深刻反省,并与从另一个角度同样正在反思的中国文化和印度文化等彼此交流乃至融合。

Liang Shuming stated that the three relations concerning human beings were that between mankind and nature,interpersonal relation,and that between men and themselves.Accordingly there are three games.The preference to one game rather than the other two largely decides the orientation of a culture.Greece,the origin of western cultures is dominated by the first game which is characterized by repetition,insufficient strategies and evolution.The western cultures have been shifting focus from nature,interpersonal relation to men themselves,and from labs,factories to human society.Regardless of their great accomplishment,western cultures have caused serious consequences to nature,human society and the westerners themselves.The western cultures surely will and are making self-examination;it will communicate and hopefully blend with the Chinese culture and Indian culture which are also engaged in introspection.