促腐剂对菇渣发酵过程的影响及育苗基质优化研究

Effect of Transformation Promoter Addition on Processing Fermentation of Mushroom Residueand Medium Optimization for Seeding

以菇渣为原料,添加促腐剂、尿素进行堆积发酵,研究菇渣发酵过程中温度、发酵天数、养分含量及理化性质的变化;确定发酵最优处理后,对其进行不同剂量保水剂、C/N及基质配比的3因素3水平育苗基质正交试验。结果表明:加入促腐剂、尿素后,菇渣发酵的高温持续时间延长,腐熟时间缩短,理化性质得到改善。同时添加尿素、促腐剂的处理3,菇渣发酵效果最好、发酵最彻底,与CK相比,高温持续时间增加了6d、腐熟时间缩短了7d、最高温度增加了12℃。发酵结束后,各处理总孔隙度增加,通气性变好,持水能力加强,蒸发速率减小,氮、磷、钾含量升高,但EC值较大,C/N较低。对处理3菇渣发酵基质进行3因素3水平正交试验,得出适合番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的最佳组合A2B2C3,即保水剂添加量4kg/m3,菇渣与珍珠岩(V/V)3∶1,C/N为35∶1。

High temperature composting experiments were conducted using mushroom residue and adding the proportion of urea and transformation promoter to study the effects of dynamical changes of temperature,the days of fermentation,nutrition content,physicochemical properties.The optimal processing fermentation was obtained.And then,the effect of different doses of water retaining agent for drought resistance,ration of carbon to nitrogen and the substrate influence to seedling using orthogonal test was studied.The results showed that adding urea and transformation promoter in mushroom residue extended the high temperature sustaining time,shortened the time of maturity and improved the physicochemical properties.The treatment 3 with simultaneous addition of urea and transformation promoter had the best effect in fermentation process.Compared with control,the sustaining time of high temperature extended by 6 days,the time of maturity shortened by 7 days,the highest temperature increased 12℃.After the end of fermentation process,the treatments of total porosity,aeration,water permeability and holding capacity and the content of N,P,K were improved,but the EC were too large and the C/N was too small.We obtained the best combination was A2B2C3 in tomato and pepper seedlings,that the quantity of water retaining agent for drought resistance was 4 kg/m3,V（mushroom residue）∶V（Perlite） =3∶1,ration of carbon to nitrogen was 35∶1.