油气钻井作业对地下水污染途径及预防分析

Pollutant Path Analysis of Groundwater in Drilling Operation

钻井作业是在地下深处进行的,它引起的污染短时间内不易被察觉。钻井作业的环境污染主要是由钻井液引起,钻井液废液、钻井岩屑、洒落油料的处理不当会引起地下水的污染,对钻井废弃物的管理每一步都要做到减少排放量、循环利用、妥善处理、加强管理。分析了正常钻进的滤失、作业事故的井喷、井漏、固井作业的泥浆失重、窜槽引起的地下水污染途径以及油料的管理不当引起的地下水污染问题,并对预防措施进行了探讨,旨在为钻井作业人员和油气田环境保护工作者提供一些参考。

Drilling operation is carried out in the deep underground,so the pollution it caused can not easily be detected within a short term.Environmental pollution of drilling engineering is mainly caused by the drilling fluids,and also the error management of the loss drilling fluids and drilling cores can cause shallow groundwater pollution,so waste management needs to be reduced,reused and properly disposed in each step.This paper analyzes groundwater pollution caused by fluid leaking from normal drilling,blowout and loss of circulation from operating incident,weight loss and channeling from cementing operation,and shallow groundwater pollution.By analyzing the way of groundwater pollution,it is benefieial for the drilling operators and oil-gas environmentalists.