论《孟子》对文本之《诗》王道政教意义的赋予

On Mencius Giving New Meaning to Religion and Politics in Poetry

孟子对孔门诗教意义的生发,历来为人们所称道。然而人们却往往忽略了诗学发展进程中的一个重要背景,那就是孔子至孟子时,《诗》正经历着由与乐舞结合走向分离的过程。把这一背景纳入考量范围就会发现,在《诗》学巨变过程中,孟子在《诗》的政教意义的最终赋予上具有其他诸子难以企及的贡献。孔子之时,诗乐舞尚未分离,《诗》教即是乐教,换而言之,孔子并没有赋予《诗》之文本以独立的政治教化意义;而《诗》三百脱离乐舞之后、其独立教化意义的赋予则多赖孟子之力。而这正是孟子于《诗》教发展的最大贡献,汉人解《诗》无不脱离乐舞而单从《诗》之文本入手,从这一角度上来讲,汉代诗学的经学化进程正是赖此而开;汉代乃至后世的《诗》的经学化阐释路径,也主要是由孟子导夫先路的。

It is believed that Mencius＇ confucian religion and politics spirit has a far-reaching influence in intellectuals.At that time,the ＂poetry＂ is experiencing a combination of the music and dancing to the separation process.Accounting the scope of this background,we will find in the ＂poetry＂ changes the course of Mencius in the ＂poetry＂ to give the ultimate political and religious significance with other thinkers difficult to match the contribution.The time of Confucius,poetry music and dance has not yet separated,＂the poem＂ teaching that is music education,it means Confucius does not give ＂poetry＂ of the text to independent political moral education.The intelligentsia spirit in Tale of Han Ying s Collection of Poetry was stemmed from Mencius which implies that the affection of Mencius＇ intelligentsia spirit in Western Han,about 300 years were earlier than we thought.