老挝克木族的双语关系--以老挝琅南塔省汇单村为例

The Bilingual Relation of Khmus in Laos:Taking Huydam Village of Louang Namtha in Laos as an Example

"克木"是一个跨境群体,在泰国、老挝等国家是独立的民族,在中国归属为布朗族。本文依据作者在老挝琅南塔省汇单村实地调查的材料,认为汇单村的克木族是"克木语—老挝语"的双语群体。该村的双语关系具有以下几个特点:全民使用双语,双语的使用水平具有层级性,母语的传承链没有出现明显的代际断裂。这种双语关系的成因与民族聚居、移民、族内婚姻、老挝的民族政策等有关。汇单村双语关系的启示是:语言是民族特征中最稳固的特征,汇单村双语关系和谐有利于国家安定和民族团结。

Khmu is a cross-border community,an independent ethnic group living in Thailand,Laos and other countries.In China,it is called the Bulang minority.The writer made a field investigation in Huydam Village of Louang Namtha in Laos and holds that Khmus in Huydam Village are a bilingual community of Khmu and Lao languages.The village presents the following bilingual features： all the villagers are bilingual with different levels and there is no obvious generation gap in mother tongue inheritance.This bilingual relation is the result of immigration,marriages within community and ethnic policies of Laos.The inspiration of the village is that language is the most stable part of ethnic features,and the harmonious bilingual relation in this village is helpful for stability and unity of its country.