黄花棘豆对山羊的毒性研究

A STUDY ON TOXICITY OF OXYTROPIS OCHROCEPHALA IN GOATS

本试验从瘤胃瘘管每天给5只山羊投服黄花棘豆粉末(10g/kgB·W),以研究该草对山羊的毒性。试验羊在18～22天开始出现神经症状,表现为精神沉郁,目光呆滞,反应迟纯,喜卧,四肢无力,后肢麻痹,少尿等;在33～65天内死亡。实验室检查发现,肝功明显变化,GOT活性,黄疸指数明显升高,血浆α-甘露糖苷酶活性降低,血液高铁血红蛋白含量及全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性无明显变化,尿低聚糖含量升高,在浓缩尿中可检出生物碱。主要病理组织学变化为小脑蒲肯野氏细胞,胰腺泡细胞空泡变性;肝细胞,心肌细胞及肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性。试验结果排除了黄花棘豆中毒是由硒和脂肪族硝基化合物引起的可能性,同时证明了黄花棘豆中毒的毒素是吲哚兹定生物碱,该生物碱对α-甘露糖苷酶的抑制作用是中毒的主要环节。

10g/kg B.W/day Oxytropis ochrocephala power was given to 5 goats via permanent fistula of the rumen, respectively, for study the toxicity of Oxytropis ochrocephala in goats. On the 18-22th day of test, goats appeared neural signs: depression, staring eyes, ataxia, leg weakness, hind quarter paralysis, recumbency and oliguria.On the 33-65th days, the goats died.In lab examinations, liver function tests showed obvious changes: the GOT activity and icterus index in serum increased, α-mannosidase activity in plasma decreased'oligosaccharide excretion increased in urine. Alkaloids was found in urine, MHb and GSH-peroxidase in blood did not change. The major patho-histological lesions were vacuo-lar degeneration in cerebellum Purkinje and Pancreas gland cells, and granular degeneration in hepatic and renal tubular epithelial cells. The results of experiment eliminate the possibility that Oxytropis ochroceph-ala poisoning was due to its excessive selenium and aliphatic Nitro-compounds, and proved that the toxic principles of Oxytropis ochrocephala might be indolizidine alkaloid.lt is assumed that the key factor of poisoning is the activity of α-mannosidase suppressed by the alkaloid.