对两种不同饲养条件下猪生长和胴体性状的遗传与表型参数的研究

STUDIES ON GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN PIGS RAISED IN TWO DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES

本文对自由采食和限制喂料两群猪的平均日增重(DG)、平均日采食量(FI)、饲料转化率(FCR)、P_2点背膘厚(BF)和后腿瘦肉量(HL)作了遗传分析和比较。试验猪为合成品系,主要的遗传血统为大白猪和长白猪以及少量的巴克夏猪。限制采食猪各性状的平均数和标准差为:DG 729±48.45g,FI 1.85±0.043kg,FCR 2.56±0.15,BF 15.3±1.90mlmHL 6.07±0.36kg,自由采食猪相应为:821±85.87g,2.31±0.16 kg,2.85±0.31,16.8±2.43mm,6.07±0.56kg。限制采食猪各性状的遗传力:DG 0.399,FI 0.410,FC R0.403,BF 0.619,HL 0.446,而自由采食猪分别为0.307,0.480,0.129,0.315和0.350。在限制采食下,日增重与饲料转化率、日增重与后腿瘦肉量、饲料转化率与后腿瘦肉量有很强的遗传相关,分别为-0.94,0.95和-0.97;而在自由采食下这三个相关分别为-0.46,0.97和-0.46。

Genetic and phenotypic analysis has been carried out on pigs raised in ad libitum feeding and restricted feeding regimes. The experiment pigs came from a synthetic line,of which genetic source are mainly from Large White and Landrace and a small proportion from Berkshire. The traits studied include average daily gain ( DG ) , daily feed intake (FI), food conversion ratio(FCR), backfat thickness on P2 point(BF) and ham lean weight(HL). Means and standard deviations of the traits in restricted feeding are 729±48.45 g for DG, 1.85 ± 0.043kg for FI, 2.56±0.15 for FCR, 15.3 ± 1.90mm for BF and 6.07±0.36kg for HL; while in ad libitum feeding they are 821 ± 85.87g,2.31± 0.16kg,2.85± 0.31, 16.8±2.43mm and 6.07±0.56kg respectively for corresponding traits.Heritabilities of the traits in restricted feeding are 0.399 for DG, 0.410 for FI, 0.403 for FCR,0.619 for BF and 0.446 for HL; while in ad libitum feeding the corresponding figures are 0.307,0.480,0.129, 0.315 and 0.350 respectively. High genetic correlations are, found between daily gain and food conversion ratio(r = -0.94),daily gain and ham lean weight(r = 0.95)and food conversion ratio and ham lean weight (r = -0.97)in restricted feeding, and they are -0.46, 0.97 and 0.46 respectively in ad libitum feeding.