语言理性的揭示与运用——简论亚里士多德《形而上学》的语言学方法

The Revelation and Application of Linguistic Rationality ——A study of aristotle's pragmatic approach in metaphysics

理性与非理性由语言决定,符合某种语言的语法、语义学及语用学等基本原则的话语,对于其使用者来说,就是真理,就揭示了世界的"客观规律"。这个事实说明,语言的"语法"对于事件或生活方式具有构成意义,语言具有创造世界的功能。亚里士多德的《形而上学》就是运用语言理性创造出来的一部杰作。在这部著作中,亚里士多德论述了语言理性的基本原理,并且把该原理运用到创作实践,批判性地综述了哲学史各家学说,提出和论证了实体学说和潜能与现实的理论,充分显示了语言理性的公用效力。

A discourse, compromising to the basic grammatical, semantic and pragmatic rules of a certain language, is a truth that reveals the objective rules of the world. This proves that the rules of a language have constructive significance and creative power to events or the hying patterns of language users. Aristotle＇ s Metaphysics is a masterpiece built with linguistic rationality, in which the basic principles of linguistic rationality is expounded and applied to critically summarize philosophical theories and successfully argue the ideas of entity, potential and reality, therefore, the public function of linguistic rationality has been sufficiently revealed.