意义的二元观、涵义观和体认观——基于体验哲学的“一物多名”新解

Embodied-Cognitive View of Meaning: A New Explanation of "One-Object-Multiple-Names" Phenomenon

传统的意义二元观流传了2000多年,索绪尔也沿此路径从语言内部两要素的关系论述意义。Frege提出了涵义观以图弥补其不足,解决"一物多名"问题,开启了意义探索的新时期。根据体验哲学和认知语言学的核心原则"现实—认知—语言",笔者提出了意义"体认观",兼顾意义的外部和内部因素,以修补二元观和涵义观之不足,突出"人化语言"和"惟人参之"的人本思想,可望对"一物多名"做出合理解释。笔者还认为,命名的基本认知机制为"转喻"。

The traditional Dualistic View of meaning has existed for more than 2000 years.Following this tradition,Saussure also defined meaning in terms of two factors within the language internal system.In order to explicate the phenomenon of 'one-object-multiple-names',Frege proposed the Sense View,thus opening a new era to the understanding of meaning.Based on Embodied Philosophy and the kernel principle of Cognitive Linguistics,i.e.,'Reality-Cognition-Language',this paper puts forward the Embodied-Cognitive View of meaning to remedy what is lacking in both the Dualistic and Sense Views,so that the 'one-object-multiple-names' phenomenon could be reasonably explained.Our emphasis is on the ideas of 'humanized language' and 'human participation only' and regard 'metonymy' as the basic cognitive mechanism of naming.