雅可布逊诗学视野下的文本—语境关系论

Text-Context Relationships in the Light of Jakobson's Poetics

雅可布逊的诗学理论曾受到20世后期崛起的语境范式论者的批评,尤其是其文本中心说更是受到以卡勒为首的学者的抨击。但细读雅氏诗学论著可以发现,语境范式论者只看到了雅氏关于诗歌文本独立于语境这一认识,而雅可布逊的诗学理念并不限于文本中心说。如果说雅可布逊的形式诗学侧重考察诗歌文本与语境相对独立的关系,那么其结构符号学则强调诗歌文本与语境相互依赖的关系。可见,雅可布逊诗学视野下的"文本—语境"关系是矛盾统一的。

In the late 20th century,the Jakobsonian poetics received criticisms from the supporters of the paradigm of context,his text-centered theory being a special target for scholars headed by Culler.However,a careful examination of Jakobson's works reveals that the criticism from context theorists is not well-founded,for they only saw one side of Jakobson's theory and ignored the other side.If Jakobson's formalistic poetics inclined toward the independence of a poetic text from the context,his poetic study that moved into semiotic perspective emphasized the mutual dependency between a poetic text and the context.The two seemingly contradictory text-context relationships constituted a unified whole in the Jakobsonian poetics.