3种免疫途径对嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗保护作用的影响

Influence of Three Means of Immunization on Protection of Siniperca chuatsi Caused by Killed Aeromonas hydrophila Vaccine

应用间接ELISA方法,研究经嗜水气单胞菌疫苗浸泡、口服、注射免疫后鳜皮肤、肠道黏液和血清中抗体的变化关系,揭示鳜对3种免疫途径的免疫应答效果。结果显示:黏液抗体产生快(7 d达到峰值),但持续时间短,抗体水平低(213);血清抗体产生慢(28 d方达峰值),但持续时间长,抗体水平高(225)。不同方式免疫鳜后均产生远高于对照组的抗体滴度(P<0.05)。注射组产生的抗体水平高(225),免疫保护率最理想(70.6%);口服组相对另两个实验组,其抗体峰值(215)和免疫保护率(41.2%)均较低;浸泡组在皮肤黏液产生水平和溶菌酶含量方面,产生较好的免疫效应,分别为213和178μg/mL,但相对保护率仅为47.1%,低于注射组的70.6%。浸泡和口服组可诱发局部黏膜免疫,在抗体动态变化方面表现出相似的规律且峰值时间早于注射组。初步推断浸泡和口服可以直接刺激鱼体黏膜组织产生局部的特异性抗体。

Mandarin fish（Siniperca chuatsi） was immunized with the killed Aeromonas hydrophila（Ah） by immersion,oral administration and intraperitoneal injection（i.p.）.To study the effect with immune response of mandarin fish by three different routes,the kinetics of antibody in mucus and serum were detected by indirect ELISA.The results were showed as follows： mucosal antibody occurred earlier,maintained shorter and had lower level（peak value reached 213 in 7 days）than system antibody（peak value reached 225 in 28 days）.Besides,different routes caused stronger effectiveness than control group.And i.p.vaccination induced a little higher response than others.The data of oral administration suggested the antibody level was low.Immersion and oral vaccination induced a significant mucosal immune response;kinetics of antibody production exhibited similarity and produced earlier than i.p.at peak time.In conclusion,immersion and oral administration induced antibody secreted by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues.