我国移居老年人的居住意识研究

Residential Consciousness of Chinese Migrant Elderly

利用大连市432份针对60岁以上本地老年人和移居老年人的调查问卷,运用交叉分析和卡方检验方法,对我国移居老年人的居住意识进行假设检验。将居住意识详解为定居意向,移居意向和不确定意向。研究表明:①本地老年人的定居意向非常强。移居老年人容易产生返乡意向。②在移居老年人中,主观适应感强的老年人具有较强的定居意识。主观适应感较弱或不太适应社会的老年人容易产生不确定的居住意向和返乡意向。③移居老年人中,不孤独的老年人具有较强的定居意向。感觉孤独的老年人容易具有不确定的居住意向和返乡意向。④移居老年人中,地区归属感越强,则定居意向越强。无归属感的老年人更容易具有返乡意向和不确定意向。对移居老年人居住意识的探讨有利于把握人口流动过程中老年人群体的生活状况,为提升老年人生活质量的各种制度和政策制定提供实践依据。

In order to examine hypothesis on residential consciousness of migrant elderly in China,the paper analyzed data from 432 questionnaire survey collected in Dalian. The results show that （1）native elderly prefers settlement at present neighborhoods, while migrant elderly prefers returning hack to their hometown. （2）Elderly with high level of subjective adaptation to social life shows strong permanent stay inclination. While those with less adaptation to social life show uncertain and moving consciousness. （3）Elderly with little feelings of loneliness shows strong permanent residential inclination in present neighbor- hood. Elderly who often feel loneliness shows uncertain residential inclination. Elderly who feel loneliness occasionally show much returning inclination. （4）Elderly with strong community attachment have strong willingness on settlement, while the other elderly shows returning or uncertain residential inclinations.