中国木结构古建筑的概念设计思想

Conceptual design thoughts of Chinese ancient timber buildings

依据现有的工程设计及抗震理念,对木结构古建筑中所蕴含的概念设计思想进行了分析.结果表明:结构的平面布局具有规则性、对称性及均匀性,可减小因体型不规则而产生的不利扭转效应;竖向结构布置对高宽比做了限制,使结构具有良好的抗倾覆性;柱与础石的平置浮搁式连接、铺作层的设置以及节点的榫卯连接方式共同构成了一个具有多重隔震、减震结构层次的木构架结构体系;柱架系统中柱列生起、侧脚的构造作法以及柱间斜撑的设置,提高了结构的整体性、稳定性和抗震能力;抬梁式屋架系统为"替力梁架",在相同荷载、相同跨度情况下可大大减小截面尺寸,是对结构受力及选材的综合考虑.

Based on the existing engineering design and anti-seismic concepts,the conceptual design thoughts implied in the ancient timber buildings were analyzed.Conclusions achieved are as follows： As the planar layout of the structure is regular,symmetrical and uniform,the adverse torsional effects due to irregular layout can be avoided.Height-width ratio in the elevation is restricted to resist overturning of the whole structural body.The floating connection between posts and plinths,the Dou-gon layers（bracket sets） and the mortise-tenon joint constitute a timber-frame system with multiple vibration-isolated and shock-absorbed structural arrangement.The constructional measures such as Sheng-qi and Ce-jiao of columns,the installation of diagonal braces between columns may improve the structural integrity,stability and aseismic capacity greatly.The design of post-and-lintel beam is a method used for saving materials.