宜春鄱官节的源流与原因

Try to explain the origins and causes of the Yichun Poguan festival

鄱官是被奉为田神、田祖、渔神、灾害神的地方神;鄱官节,又称鄱官日或是婆观日,是一个流传于宜春城乡地区很古老的民俗。主要分布在江西省部分地市以及湖南、贵州等地。宜春鄱官节的风俗习惯主要有:敬鄱官、晒家底、吃新等。宜春地区鄱官节出现的时期有人考证为五代十国时期;作为水神出现的时间至迟不晚于汉代;作为灾害神出现的时间在先秦。鄱官节及风俗产生的原因,主要有社会经济文化发展水平,对土地的生殖能力的崇拜,气候因素,相近风俗的归并等。民俗作为一种独特的文化系统,在长期的发展过程中不断传承,不断变异是它的特点。在这个风俗中,有的习惯消失了,有的还继续流传着,呈现纷繁的景象。

Po guan is a regional god which was also honored as the God and ancestor of the land,the God of fishery and the God of disasters.Po guan festival,also called Po guan Day（written in different Chinese characters of same sound ＂鄱官日＂or ＂婆观日＂）,is an ancient folk festival in the rural and urban areas in Yichun,which is also distributed in other parts of Jiangxi Province and other provinces such as Hunan,Guizhou,etc.The main activities on this day include： worshipping Po guan,putting out as many things as possible in the sun,such as clothing,books,etc.eating fresh food and so on.According to research,Po guan festival appeared in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period.As a God of Water,it may have appeared by the Han Dynasty.As a God of disasters,it may have appeared in the pre-Qin dynasty.There are several main reasons why the God came into being： social and ecomomic development,the worship of the reproductive capacity of the land,climate and the fusion of similar customs.As a unique cultural system,the folklore research features constant spread and changes.During this process,some of the customs have diappeared,some of them are still going around,which make the folk appear diversified and complex.