华南地区入侵杂草藿香蓟叶挥发油的成分鉴定

Identification of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Invasive Weed Ageratum conyzoides in South China

采用水蒸气冷凝法提取华南地区入侵杂草藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)叶的挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱—质谱联用技术结合计算机检索对挥发油进行成分分离、分析和鉴定,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对含量。结果表明:藿香蓟新鲜叶片提取8h的挥发油得率为0.545%。经毛细管色谱分离出102个峰,共鉴定出102种化合物,其组分占挥发油总量的100%。藿香蓟叶挥发油的化合物种类丰富,包括烯、醇、萘、烷、酯及醛类等,其化学成分主要为石竹烯(23.40%)、早熟素Ⅰ(17.66%)、(Z)-乙酸-3-己烯-1-醇酯(12.14%)、早熟素Ⅱ(9.51%)、1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-乙缩醛甲基)环己烷(4.53%)、倍半水芹烯(4.24%)、(z)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(3.86%)、莰烯(3.10%)、反式-2-己烯醛(2.11%)、1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-八氢-7-甲基-4-亚甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-萘(1.93%)、1-己醇(1.32%)、3,7,7-三甲基双环-[4.1.0]-二庚烯(1.01%)等,这些成分占总挥发油质量的87.91%,其中含量最高的石竹烯是一类双环倍半萜类化合物,是被允许使用的食品香料。

Essential oil from the leaves of invasive weed Ageratum conyzoides in South China was prepared by steam distillation. The the constituents and structures of the obtained essential oil were analyzed and identified by GC-MS, and their relative contents were determined by peak area normalization. Results showed that the content of essential oil in flesh leaves of A. conyzoides was 0. 545% after steam distillation for 8 hours. The total of 102 peaks were detected and 102 compounds were identified, accounting for 100 of the volatile oil. A large amount of chemical components were found, namely alkenes, alcohols, naphthalene, polyurethanes, esters and aldehydes, etc. The main compounds were ccaryophyllene （23.40 %）, 7 methoxy 2, 2- dimethyl- 2H- 1 benzopyran （17.66%）, （Z）-3-hexen-1 ol （12.14%）, 6, 7- dimethoxy- 2, 2-dimetbyl-2H 1- benzoparan （9.51%）, 1-ethenyl- 1 methyl-2- （1-methylethe nyl） - 4-（1-methylethyliden）- cyclohexane （4.53%）, s- （R＊ , s＊）]3- （1, 5- dimethyl 4- hexe- nyl） - 6 metheylene- cyclohexene （4.24%）, （z） - 7, 11- dimethyl- 3- methylene- 1, 6, 10- dodeca- triene （3.86%）, Es- （E, E）]- 1- methyl- 5 methylene- 8- （1- methylethyl） - 1, 6- cyclodecadiene （3.1%）, （E） -2-hexen- 1 ol （2.11%）, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a- octahydro 7-methyl- 4-methylene- 1- （1 methylethyl） - naphthalene （1.93%）, 1- hexanol （1.32%） and 3, 7, 7-trimethyl-Bicyclo [4.1.0] hept - 2 -ene （1.01%）, etc. The caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene, which is allowed to use as food spices, and the precocene can effectively inhibit growth and development of pests.