4ECC Committee,Subcommittees and Task Forces of the American Heart Association.2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care[J].Circulation,2005;112(24 Suppl):IV1-203.
5Steven C,Faddy E.Towards new model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation teaching:t he role of practical scenario t raining on surf 1ife savers perceptions of resuscitation efficacy[J].Resuscitation,2002,5(3):159.
6Mugford B,Martin A,Owen H.Simulation training in emergency medicine.An important need for primary care training[J].Aust Fam Physician,2004,33(4):279-280.
7Dolmans DH,De Grave W,Wolfhagen IH,et a1.Problem-based learning:future challenges for educational practice and research[J].Med Educ,2005,39(7):732-741.
8McParland M,Noble LM,Livingston G.The effectiveness of problem-based learning compared to traditional teaching in undergraduate psychiatry[J].Med Educ,2004,38(8):859-867.
9MacDowall J.The assessment and treatment of the acutely ill patient-the role of the patient simulator as a teaching tool in the undergraduate program[J].Med Teach,2006,28(4):326-329.
