云南省20县(市)树鼩体表寄生恙螨的初步分析

Preliminary Analysis of Parasitic Chigger Mites on Tupaia belangeri in 20 Counties in Yunnan Province

目的:初步了解云南省树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)体表寄生恙螨的种类构成、物种多样性及其空间分布情况。方法:选择云南省20县(市)进行现场调查,用鼠笼加食饵诱捕树鼩,收集其双侧耳廓和外耳道的恙螨幼虫,进行分类、鉴定。用物种丰富度指数(S)、群落均匀度(J')、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和生态优势度指数(C')对树鼩体表寄生恙螨的群落结构和多样性进行分析;用扩散系数(C)、Cassie指数(CA)及聚块指数(m*/m)进行空间分布型研究。结果:捕获树鼩229只,其体表共采集恙螨13 609只,隶属于3亚科10属68种(不含4种待定种)。总染螨率为33.6%,总螨指数为59.4,其中中华纤恙螨、树鼩纤恙螨、永胜纤恙螨、小板纤恙螨、乡野纤恙螨、于氏纤恙螨、王氏纤恙螨和西盟合轮恙螨8种为优势种。用上述3种空间分布型指数对树鼩体表的8种优势恙螨进行测定结果表明均呈聚集分布,除西蒙合轮恙螨CA=0外,其余均大于界限值0或1。结论:云南省树鼩体表恙螨种类繁多,数量丰富,物种多样性高8,种优势恙螨呈聚集型分布。

Objective： To explore species constitutes,species diversity,dominant species and their spatial distribution patterns of chigger mites on Tupaia belangeri in Yunnan Province.Methods： Tupaia belangeri was captured with cage traps,the original survey data was gained from field investigation in 20 counties in Yunnan Province.The larvae of chigger mites on Tupaia belangeri were mainly collected from two auricles and external auditory canals by a bistoury and stored in 70% of ethanol.After slide-mounted with Hoyer＇s medium,every specimen was identified into species under a microscope.The structure of community and diversity of species were analyzed with the species richness（S）,evenness（J＇）,Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H＇） and dominance index（C＇）.Coefficient（C）,Cassie index（CA） and patch index（m＊/m） were used to measure the spatial distribution pattern.Results： 229 individuals of Tupaia belangeri were captured from 20 counties,and 13 609 individuals of chigger mites were collected.The collected chigger mites belonged to 68 species,10 genus in 3 subfamily,（excluding 4 indeterminate species）.The overall mite infestation prevalence and overall mite mean abundance was 33.6% and 59.4,respectively.Eight species of mites,which were found dominant on Tupaia belangeri,were Leptotrombidium sinicum,Leptotrombidium shuqui,Leptotrombidium yongshengense,Leptotrombidium scutellare,Leptotrombidium rusticum,Leptotrombidium yui,Leptotrombidium wangi and Helenicula simena.Eight dominant chigger mites on Tupaia belangeri showed an aggregated distribution pattern under 3 spatial measurement pattern above with the values higher than 0 or 1（except H.simena,CA=0）.Conclusion： There were abundant chigger mites with high species diversity on Tupaia belangeri.The dominant species of chigger mites on Tupaia belangeri showed an aggregated distribution pattern.