基于《清明上河图》的三朝建筑比较研究

A Comparative Study of Three Dynasties' Architecture Based on "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival"

北宋的《清明上河图》是宋代风俗画的巅峰之作,后人临摹、仿画了一系列此类纪实性画作,忠实反映了画者所处朝代的风物人情,其中也包含着建筑领域的信息。通过对比各版本《清明上河图》的概况,分别选取北宋张择端版、明朝仇英版以及清院本版的《清明上河图》作为研究对象。分析了各版本画中的六种主要建筑类型,即城门、寺院、官僚宅第、城市民居、酒肆店铺和虹桥,并分别对每种类型建筑进行纵向对比研究。以比对的结果为依据,阐述了宋、明、清三朝建筑的部分发展与演变。

Having been copied and imitated into a series of realistic paintings, ＂Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival＂ is the capstone of the genre paintings in Song Dynasty and reflects directly not only the scenery of the time in which the artist lived and also the message of architecture and construction. By comparing three selections of ＂Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival＂, including the Song Dynasty＇s version by Zhang Ze-duan, the Ming Dynasty＇s version by Qiu Ying and Qing Dynasty＇s version by the Royal Painting Academy, this paper analyzes the six major building types in those paintings, such as gatehouses, temples, bureaucrats＇ mansions, urban residential houses, shops ,arch bridges ect. , and studies the construction of each type with the vertical comparison. According to the results of comparative study, the paper expounds the development and evolution of architecture in dynasties of Song, Ming and Qing.