环境刑法的伦理基础及其对环境刑法新发展的影响

The Ethical Basis of Environmental Criminal Law and its Influence on the Law’s Development

环境伦理与环境刑法的发展具有互动性。环境刑法必须遵循环境伦理的导向性指引,同时环境刑法对环境伦理具有能动作用。随着环境伦理的不断发展,人们逐步认识到人类中心主义环境伦理观的局限与非人类中心主义环境伦理观的困境,折中的可持续发展环境伦理观成为环境刑法之伦理基础。可持续发展环境伦理观影响着环境刑法的新发展,这主要表现在环境法益的扩容和环境犯罪设置向刑事犯的逐步转化方面。

Environmental ethics and environmental criminal law are interactive in the process of their development. Environmental criminal law shall follow the guidance of environmental ethics while it has motile influence on ethics. With the development of environmental ethics, people come to know the limitation of anthropocentric environmental ethics and the dilemma of non-anthropocentric environmental ethics. Thus the moderate and sustainable-development environmental ethics has become the ethical basis of environmental criminal law. The sustainable development environmental ethics keeps exerting influence on the development of environmental criminal law which can be sensed in the expansion of interests protected by the environmental law and the transformation from administrative offenses to criminal offenses while setting up environmental crimes.