国际法视野下核能风险的全球治理

On Global Governance to Reduce Nuclear Energy Risks from the Perspective of International Law

核能的开发利用在给人类带来巨大助益的同时也伴随着各种潜在的风险。各种核事故的发生充分表明,在核能风险治理方面依然存在着诸多缺陷与不足。为此,国际社会需要在相关的现有国际法规范和国际实践的基础上逐步形成核能风险的全球治理机制。本文通过分析核能开发利用的主权权利和风险治理责任及其相互关系,明确了国际法原则和规范中体现核能风险全球治理的约束条件和发展路径。根据国际法委员会对风险活动领域国际责任的编纂和发展,结合核能风险治理方面所存在着的缺陷与不足,分析构建了核能风险全球治理的具体要素和内涵,为形成切实可行的、有效的核能风险全球治理机制提出了系统建议。

Potential risks exist while nuclear energy exploitation gives substantial benefit to mankind.Occurrence of nuclear accidents reveals the defects and deficits in nuclear governance.Thus international society should strengthen global governance to reduce nuclear energy risk based on existing international law and practice.By analyzing sovereign right of nuclear energy exploitation,responsibility of risk governance and the relations thereof,we can see clearly that international law principles and norms are the main source for controlling as well as improving global governance of nuclear power utilization.Furthermore,by way of analyzing the ILC’s documents and studies of the international responsibility in the risk field, and the defects and deficits in risk governance of nuclear energy,the author observes the specific elements and contents of global nuclear governance and suggests that a feasible and effective globe governance institution be established to reduce nuclear energy risks.