油茶壳基质化腐熟技术研究

A Study on the Composting Technology for Camellia Shell Medium

为降低轻型基质育苗成本,寻找一种适合苗木生长的替代有机基质。以油茶壳为原材料,通过正交试验设计添加不同的氮源和微生物菌剂及不同的碳氮比进行油茶壳腐熟发酵试验,分析油茶壳基质理化性质的变化,结果表明:油茶壳堆沤发酵50 d可完成腐熟;腐熟后碳氮比降低,EM菌对碳氮比降低最明显,使碳氮比降到20∶1以下,其中7号处理降到14.5∶1;氮源是影响油茶壳腐熟发酵的主要因素,复合肥对孔隙度、pH值、电导率的影响较明显,能有效地促进油茶壳腐熟;EM菌比酵素菌和金宝贝发酵菌腐熟效果好,但差异不显著;起始碳氮比对油茶壳发酵腐熟影响不大。得出:以复合肥为氮源、EM菌为微生物菌剂用来作油茶壳基质化腐熟效果好,腐熟完全且成本低,满足育苗要求。

In order to reduce the cost of raising seedlings in light medium and look for a substitute organic medium which is fit for growth of nursery stock,the study used camellia shell as raw material,through orthogonal experiment design with different nitrogen sources and microbes and different carbon nitrogen ratios on camellia shell composting tests,to analyze the physicochemical changes of camellia shell medium.The result showed that camellia shell required 50 day＇s fermentation to decompose thoroughly,the carbon nitrogen ratio reduced after thorough decomposition,especially EM bacteria had the most obvious effect on that ratio,which decreased the carbon nitrogen ratio to below 20∶1,and the ratio of the seventh test was under 14.5∶1;nitrogen source was the main factor in camellia shell composting,and compound fertilizer affected the void ratio,pH,EC obviously and promoted camellia shell compost effectively;the composting effect of EM bacteria was better than that of BYM and Gymboree fermentation bacteria,but the difference was small;the starting carbon nitrogen ratio had small effect on camellia shell compost.So it can be concluded that compound fertilizer is a good nitrogen source and EM bacteria ia good microbe in composting camellia shell medium,and in which the decomposition is full and the cost is low,meeting the requirements of seedling raising.