串级萃取理论第二基本假设的成立条件

Establishment Conditions for the Second Basic Hypothesis in the Countercurrent Extraction Theory

基于数学表达式,探讨了阳离子交换萃取、中性分子缔合物萃取、离子缔合物萃取、阴离子交换萃取和协同萃取机理下分馏萃取体系中第二基本假设的成立条件。研究结果表明,阳离子交换萃取时成立的条件,是金属离子荷电量相等;中性分子缔合物萃取、离子缔合物萃取、阴离子交换萃取以及协同萃取分离时成立的条件,是金属离子荷电量相等且萃取反应系数相等;分离荷电量不相等的金属离子时,分离系数不满足第二基本假设。

The mathematical expressions about separation factor were derived from the extraction reactions.The establishment conditions for the second basic hypothesis in fractional extraction system were investigated on the mathematical expressions in cation exchange extraction,neutral molecule association complex extraction,ion-association complex extraction and synergistic extraction mechanism.The research results indicate that the establishment conditions are the equal metal ions loaded charge in cation exchange extraction,and the establishment conditions are both the equal metal ions loaded charge and the equal extraction reaction coefficients of extraction reactions in neutral molecule association complex extraction,ion-association complex extraction and synergistic extraction.Separation factor dissatisfies the second basic hypothesis when separating the metal ions of unequal loaded charge.