2010年金华市狂犬病暴露病例流行病学特征分析

Characteristics of 2010 rabies suspect animal exposures to the residents of Jinhua,Zhejiang

目的通过对2010年金华市狂犬病暴露病例的流行病学特征分析,为狂犬病暴露后的正确处置及控制狂犬病的流行提供参考。方法通过在金华市犬伤门诊建立的狂犬病暴露病例监测系统,收集首次就诊者的暴露和处置信息,采用描述性流行病学方法对收集的资料进行统计分析。结果 2010年金华市共计报告狂犬病暴露病例53 019例,暴露率为1 288.28/10万。病例时间分布有明显的季节性,呈现夏季高发的特点。病例以青壮年为主,20~59岁病例占总数的58.52%;暴露率以0~9岁年龄段最高,为1 640.78/10万。病例职业以农民为最多,占总数的64.63%。伤人动物最多的为犬,占92.40%;其次为猫,占3.87%。暴露程度Ⅰ级7.64%、Ⅱ级76.60%、Ⅲ级15.76%,受伤部位以小腿为最多,占总数的39.93%。就诊人群狂犬疫苗全程接种率为99.95%,Ⅲ级暴露被动免疫制剂接种率为26.20%。结论基本掌握了金华市狂犬病暴露病例的流行病学特征。

Objective This study was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies suspect animal exposures to the residents of Jinhua,Zhejiang,and provide reference for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and rabies suspect animal prevention and control.Methods The 2010 surveillance data of rabies suspect animal exposures to human population were collected from rabies surveillance administration system,which included injury treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis records for rabies suspect animal exposures from dog injury clinics.We analyzed and presented the data with the method of descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 53 109 human exposure cases to rabies suspect animals were reported in 2010 in Jinhua,Zhejiang.The annual frequency of the exposure was 1 288.28/lakh.Summer was reported with the most incidences.Victims were majorly young and middle-aged populations.Residents aged 20-59 years accounted for 58.52% of the exposures.The highest incidence rate was confirmed in children younger than 9 years old（1 640.78/lakh）.Farmers had 64.63% of cases.Dog was the most important source of rabies suspect animal exposures（92.40%）,which was followed by cat（3.87%）.Most injuries were categorized as grade Ⅱ（76.60%）,followed by grade Ⅲ（15.76%） and grade I（7.64%）.99.95% of exposed individuals were inoculated with full course rabies vaccine in dog injury clinics and 26.20% of residents with grade-Ⅲ injuries received passive antibody filtration.Conclusion It is important to increase rabies vaccination coverage and maintain current vaccination status for pet dogs and cats.