实践观与马克思主义哲学的根本性质

Practicality as the Fundamentals of Marxist Philosophy

马克思洞察了包括费尔巴哈在内的旧唯物主义和唯心主义的主要缺陷,破除了实践概念上的亚里士多德传统,将实践活动理解为一种对象性活动,进而把实践的观点作为自己哲学的核心观点,以实践为枢轴去把握世界。新哲学核心观点的确立及其贯彻也就决定了马克思主义哲学的根本性质:它是实践唯物主义,也是辩证唯物主义,也是历史唯物主义,或者说是实践的、辩证的、历史的唯物主义。实践概念中包含着辩证法的原则和历史的原则,所以,实践唯物主义、辩证唯物主义、历史唯物主义不是三个主义,而是具有内涵的一致性,从三个侧面分别凸显了马克思主义哲学的实践维度及其实践性,辩证法维度及其批判性和革命性,历史维度及其历史的方法和原则。

Marx revealed the main drawbacks of the old materialism and idealism advocated by such scholars as Feuerbach, and broke the tradition in the Aristotle sense of practice. That is, he understands practice as a target activity and hence takes this concept as the core of his philosophy and a key to command the world. The establishment and implementation of this new philosophical ideology decides the nature of the Marxist philosophy, which is the materialism of practice, dialectics, and history. Or simply put, it is a practical, dialectical, and historical materialism. The concept of practice conceives the principles of dialectics and history, so the materialisms of practice, dialectics, and history are not three doctrines, but coherently united. That is, they highlight the practical dimension and the practicality of the Marxist philosophy, its dialectic and historical dimensions, and the historical methodologies and principles.