交强险立法与实践的两个法律问题辨析——以侵权责任法律关系为视角

Two Legal Issues Related to the Motor Vehicle Compulsory Liability Insurance Legislation and Practices

交强险倍受争议的所谓"无责赔付"原则,其依据是《道路交通安全法》第76条。道交法第76条规定在强制保险限额内不问侵权责避免任归属而径由保险埋单,属逻辑颠倒,片面强调交强险的社会救济功能,摒弃责任保险的基本逻辑,实为交强险诸多问题的根源。《侵权责任法》对此未有实质改进,失去立法矫正机会。实践中无辜受害车辆反而多赔肇事车辆的荒诞案例,实为缺陷立法的不良影响,也是实务操作中侵权法律关系认识混淆的体现。

The article 76 of The Law of The People＇s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety is the basis of the so-called ＂non-liability payment＂ principle of the motor vehicle compulsory insurance system. There is a fundamental defect in Article 76 which stipulates that the insurer is to pay for the indemnity if the amount falls within the mandatory limit despite of the tort liability. This one-sided emphasis of the social compensation function of the motor vehicle compulsory insurance neglects the fundamental logic of the theory of the liability insurance, and is the root cause for many problems of this insurance. But the Tort Liability Law didn＇t make any improvement in this issue. A lot of absurd cases in which the innocent vehicles compensate more than the trouble-making vehicles originate from this legislation defects and the misunderstanding of the legal relationship of tort act.