中国古代“品行”考课标准的确立及影响

Establishment of Moral Conducts Criteriaof the Merit System and Its Significance In Ancient China

考课标准是随着时代的变化而不断变化的,其中"品行"标准的确立经历了较长发展过程。春秋战国时期,考绩仅重视官员的政绩而轻视其品行;秦汉虽出现注重官员品行的萌芽,但品行尚未被正式纳入考课标准;魏晋借助九品中正制的平台和法律儒家化的背景而逐渐将品行纳入考课标准。品性考课标准的确立,反映了儒法两家的考课思想及其标准由冲突走向融合,彰显了中国古代皇权政治的治国理念和施政方略出现新变化。

The criteria of the merit system would progress with the changes of time, and the establishment of moral conducts criteria went through a historical development process. In Spring and autumn period and warring states period, it evaluated the govern- ment official strictly by the standard of achievements instead of moral conducts. Ahhough the Qin and Han Dynasties appeared paying attention to moral conducts , but the moral conducts had not officially become the criteria of the merit system. In Wei, Jin Dynasties , tl^e moral conducts were included in the merit systme aided by the Nine Grades Appraisal System and against the background of the Confucianization of laws. The establishment of moral criteria reflected the conflict - to - integration of the thoughts and the standards by Confucianists and Legalists, shown the imperial authority politics governing idea and the administration plan of ancient China presented a new change.