奥克肖特与历史哲学研究

Oakeshott and Study of Philosophy of History

奥克肖特评析了历史哲学的类型,拒斥了史学研究的实证主义,坚持历史知识是由史学家的判断、推论以及重构事件型塑的观念世界,展示为一种独特的经验模式。他认为,史学的研究对象是建立在证据基础之上的"历史的过去",而非迎合利益集团需要的"实践的过去";两者既不属于相同的话语系统,又对历史真实性秉持相异的态度。至于叙述与解释的关系,他考察了历史解释的类型,倡导一种"叙述即解释"的历史叙事观,这一观点触及了"叙述形式"的论题,呼应了叙事主义的历史哲学的理论命题。

Oakeshott is a most important critical philosopher of history. Rejecting the positivism in historical research, He probed into the type of philosophy of history ; view history as a ideal world shaped by historical judgments inference and events, which displays a unique mode of experience. He holds the subject of history is ＂ historical past＂ based on factual evidence, rather than ＂practical Past＂ caters for special needs of interest groups. They are not the same system of discourse, and uphold the different histor- ical authenticity. With regard to historical narrative, he studied the type of historical interpretation, and advocates the idea that narrative is an interpretation, which fit ＂narrative form＂ in the narrative philosophy of history.