胡塞尔的生活世界学说——对欧洲科学危机问题的思考

Husserl' theory of life-world——his thinking about the crisis of European Sciences

胡塞尔晚年提出了生活世界学说。这一学说批判了欧洲近代以来科学的片面化发展,揭示出科学奠基于生活世界基础之上。科学是在人的生活世界基础之上历史性地发展起来的方法的产物,但是近代科学的发展以遗忘了生活世界为代价,从而导致欧洲科学的危机。然而,胡塞尔更加看重的是生活世界的不变的先验结构,这就使得生活世界学说服从于先验现象学,因此,与其说胡塞尔批判近代科学,不如说他在维护严格意义上的科学的哲学,从而坚持其从一而终的先验立场。

Husserl put forward his theory of life - world in his later years which criticized one - sided development of European modem Sciences and exposed that sciences were based on the life - world. Laying a foundation on person＇ life - world, sciences were products of the method that was historically developed. But the development of modem Sciences was at the cost of forgetting life - world and it led to the crisis of European Sciences. However Husserl attached more importance to the constant structure of life - word, which made his theory of life - world subject to the transcendental phenomenology. So he would rater criticize modern Sciences than to defend the philosophy as a science in the strict sense, thus keep on his transcendental opinion from the beginning to the end.