地震后农村分散式供水饮用适宜性评价的属性识别模型

Attribute Recognition Model for Suitability Evaluation of Decentralized Water Supply in Rural Areas after 5.12 Earthquake

目的建立震后农村分散式供水的饮用适宜性评价模型,并对5.12地震后都江堰市农村分散式供水的饮用适宜性进行评价。方法于2008年5月14—18日,随机采集都江堰市分散式供水水样130件,检测pH值、色度、浑浊度、铁、锰、铝、挥发性酚类、耗氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、菌落总数、总大肠菌群12项指标。建立震后农村分散式供水饮用适宜性4级指标划分标准,在此基础上采用基于因子分析定权的属性识别模型对水样的饮用适宜性等级进行综合评价,并对一般不宜饮用及以下的水样进行单因子评价。结果综合评价结果显示,属于Ⅰ级(适宜饮用)、Ⅱ级(基本适宜饮用)、Ⅲ级(一般不宜饮用)、Ⅳ级(不宜饮用)的水样分别占76.92%(100/130),13.85%(18/130),3.85%(5/130),5.38%(7/130)。在一般不宜饮用及以下的水样中,权重值较高的浑浊度和菌落总数的评价结果大部分都在不宜饮用等级,而总大肠菌群的评价等级也均为不宜饮用。结论震后都江堰市农村分散式供水饮用适宜性较好;所建模型能够从整体上合理并客观地反映震后农村分散式供水的饮用适宜性,有助于震后对饮用水卫生进行科学决策并制定相关评估体系。

Objective To establish a model to assess the suitability of decentralized water supply in rural areas after 5.12 Earthquake. Methods A total of 130 decentralized water supply samples were randomly collected from rural areas in Dujiangyan on 14-18 May, 2008. The levels of pH, colority, turbidity, iron, manganese, aluminum, volatile phenols, oxygen consumption, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total bacterial count and total coliform were determined. The classification of the suitability of decentralized water supply was conducted, and attribute recognition model based on factor analysis was made and applied to evaluate the samples by the criteria. Meanwhile ,the samples not suitable for drinking would be evaluated by single factor analysis. Results The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that grade I （suitable for drinking）, grade Ⅱ （basic suitable for drinking）, grade Ⅲ （generally not suitable for drinking）, grade IV （not suitable for drinking） water samples accounted for 76.92% （100/130）, 13.85% （18/130）, 3.85% （5/130） and 5.38% （7/130） respectively. In the samples not suitable for drinking, most of evaluation results of turbidity and total bacterial count whose weights were high were not suitable for drinking, while the level of total coliform also were not suitable for drinking. Conclusion The suitability of decentralized water supply in rural areas in Dujiangyan after the great earthquake is good. The model can reflect the status of decentralized water supply in rural areas after the earthquake reasonably and objectively.