沙尘天气导致人群健康经济损失估算

A Pilot Study on Health-based Assessment for Economic Loss Caused by Sand-dust Weather in China

目的探讨沙尘天气造成的健康经济损失的定量估算方法。方法用可吸入颗粒物(PM10)作为沙尘天气暴露的代表性指标(暴露水平),收集气象台站2002—2006年的沙尘天气月观测数据,将沙尘天气监测数据转换为PM10浓度,用Meta分析建立目前国内研究的大气PM10污染与居民不良健康效应的暴露-反应关系,得到PM10浓度每升高10μg/m3居民健康效应各终点发生的相对危险度,以死亡和患病为健康效应终点,分别用人力资本法和疾病成本法计算沙尘暴造成的超额死亡和患病的经济损失。结果应用此法计算我国两大城市2002—2006年人口加权沙尘天气发生天数、健康效应各终点发生的相对危险度,估算沙尘天气造成心脑血管、呼吸系统疾病超额死亡和超额患病的经济损失。结论本方法可用于估算沙尘天气导致的人群健康经济损失。

Objective To develop a method for estimating the economic loss for human health damage caused by sand-dust weather in China during the period of 2002-2006. Methods The PM10 level was used as an indicator that expressed the exposure to sand-dust weather. The national monitoring data of sand-dust weather in 2002-2006 were collected from China Meteorological Administration, and then converted to PMIO level. The economic assessment of the mortality and morbidity effects due to sand-dust weather was performed according to mortality and morbidity statistical data and epidemiological PM 10 exposureresponse functions by Meta analysis. The economic assessment of the health effects was calculated by using human capital approach and cost of illness. Results Two big cities in North China were taken as example, the economic loss for human health damage caused by sand-dust weather from 2002 to 2006 were calculated by using proposed method. Conclusion The proposed method is practical and can be used for estimating the economic loss for human health damage caused by sand-dust weather.