伞形科柴胡属部分物种的果实特征及系统学意义

Fruit Features of Some Bupleurum Species (Apiaceae) and Their Systematical Implication

对21个代表种果实形态与解剖特征观察发现:(1)中国柴胡属(Bupleurum L.)果实以芹亚科(Apioideae)原始的两侧压扁型为主,在外形上可分为圆柱形、矩圆形和卵形3类;(2)在柴胡属中果皮细胞内没有发现广泛存在于芹亚科基部类群变豆菜亚科(Saniculoideae)和天胡荽亚科(Hydrocotyloideae)的晶体后含物;(3)从果实的横切面看,可将柴胡属划分为棱槽单油管型和棱槽多油管型两大类。结合前人对伞形科其它类群果实形态解剖特征的研究及近年来分子系统学的证据,认为:(1)中国柴胡属植物的多油管类型为本属较进化类群;(2)柴胡属可能是芹亚科中连接基部类群与其它类群的过渡环节或进化旁支;(3)果实形态与解剖特征可作为探讨国产柴胡属种内和种间关系的辅助性状,并给出了分种检索表。

Based on morphological and anatomical observation of the fruit of 21 representative Bupleurum taxa,the following results were found：（1） Most Chinese Bupleurum species had bilaterally compressed fruit and divided into three main fruit shapes,namely cylindrical,oblong,and ovate.（2） Crystals deposited in mesocarp cells of ＂basal Apioideae＂,Saniculoideae,and Hydrocotyloidea were not found in Bupleurum.（3） According to oil canal numbers in the furrow,Chinese Bupleurum were divided into two groups.The first group had single vittae in each furrow and the second group had three or more vittaes per furrow.From previous anatomical and molecular studies on Apiaceae,we concluded that：（1） The evolutionary trend of vittae in Bupleurum was from one to two or more in each furrow,and Chinese species represented the derived taxa within this genus;（2） Bupleurum was very likely an intermediate group between＂basal Apioideae＂and＂remaining Apioideae＂or a collateral branch of Apioideae;（3） The morphological and anatomical features of Bupleurum fruit can be used as evidence of inter-and intraspecific taxonomy.Lastly,a key to species was also given based on fruit characters.