石器研究的新视角：技术-功能分析法--以观音洞遗址为例

A New Prospect of Lithic Studies-Technofunctional Method: Case Study of Guanyindong Site

技术-功能分析法通过综合考察支配石制工具生产的技术机制、分析工具刃口上所整合的技术特征,理解工具预设性的功能和使用方式,并复原打制者的意图。对观音洞遗址石器材料的分析表明,此方法在揭示打制者意图及工具预设性的功能和使用方式的多样性方面具有重要作用。

A Paleolithic stone tool is a technical object bearing two interrelated but independent attributes;one is technically predetermined function and mode of functioning,corresponding to blanks production and tools confectioning in chai^ne opératoire and the other is actual function and use-pattern,corresponding to tools utilization.Given that much attention was focused on the second issue,the French prehistorians represented by Eric Boi^da proposed new techno-functional method to explore the first one.This method focuses on ＂tools confectioning＂ of chai^ne opératoire.By synthesizing from a whole assemblage the mechanism that resolves the process of tools manufacture and by exploring all technical characters that are integrated into a cutting-edge,techno-functional method enables us to understand technically predetermined function and mode of functioning of tools and to reconstruct the original intention of the stone tool makers.This paper introduced the techno-functional method for the first time to Chinese Paleolithic researchers and applied it to the lithic industry of the Guanyindong Site.It was shown that this method may contribute to revealing the variability of predetermined function and mode of functioning of tools and shed new insights to our comprehension of prehistoric human＇s technical cognition and of their technical behaviors.